Isn’t it true that when some people say “interoperability” it is though everyone has to have the exact same equipment and procedures. Interoperability isn’t defined in the “who” does what. “Where” is irrelevant to interoperability. “How” can be important, but still there should be flexibility in “how” you do things to provide for some creativity and adaptation to the situation. “What” has more sway in interoperability, yet again, the “what” does not need to be totally uniform if it is still possible for diverse sets of people and organizations to interact in a unified manner.
Interoperability needs to be a “framework” and not a “straightjacket” for how we do things.