High-level information technology (IT) security, or cybersecurity, concerns — like unauthorized data exposure and leaks, weak access controls, susceptibility to attacks, and availability disruptions — affect traditional IT and cloud systems alike. Like any computing environment, cloud security involves maintaining adequate preventative protections so you:
- Know that the data and systems are safe.
- Can see the current state of security.
- Know immediately if anything unusual happens.
- Can trace and respond to unexpected events.
While many people understand the benefits of cloud computing environments, they’re equally deterred by the potential for security issues. We get it. It’s hard to wrap your head around something that exists somewhere between amorphous resources sent through the Internet and a physical server. It’s a dynamic environment where things are always changing — like security threats. The thing is that, for the most part, cloud security is IT security. And once you understand the specific differences, the word "cloud" doesn’t feel as insecure.
DISSOLVING PERIMETERS
Security has a lot to do with access control. Traditional environments usually regulate access using a perimeter security model. Cloud environments are highly connected, making it easier for traffic to bypass traditional perimeter defenses. Insecure application programming interfaces (APIs), weak identity and credentials management, hackers, and malicious insiders may pose threats to the system and data security. Preventing vulnerabilities and unauthorized access in the cloud requires shifting to a data-centric approach. Encrypt the data. Strengthen the authorization process. Require strong passwords and two-factor authentication. Build network security measures into every level.
EVERYTHING IS NOW IN SOFTWARE
"Cloud" refers to the hosted resources delivered to a user via software. Cloud computing infrastructures — along with all the data being processed — are dynamic, scalable and portable. Cloud security controls need to respond to environmental variables and accompany workloads and data while at rest and in transit, either as inherent parts of the workloads (e.g., encryption) or dynamically through a cloud management system and APIs. This helps to protect and secure cloud environments from system corruption and data breaches.
SOPHISTICATED THREAT LANDSCAPE
Sophisticated threats are anything that negatively impacts modern computing which — of course — includes the cloud. Increasingly sophisticated malware and other attacks like advanced persistent threats (APTs) are designed to evade network defenses by targeting vulnerabilities in the computing stack. Data breaches can result in unauthorized information disclosure and data loss or tampering. There’s no clear solution to these threats, except that it’s your responsibility to stay on top of the cloud security practices that are evolving to keep up with emerging threats.
CLOUD SECURITY IS A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY
Regardless of what cloud deployment you’re using, you’re responsible for securing your own space within that cloud. Using a cloud maintained by someone else doesn’t mean you can — or should — sit back and relax. Insufficient due diligence is a major cause of security failures. Cloud security is everyone’s responsibility, and that includes:
Using trusted software
What’s inside your cloud matters. As with any code you download from an external source, you need to know where the packages originally came from, who built them, and if there’s malicious code inside them. Obtain software from known, trusted sources and ensure that mechanisms are in place to provide and install updates in a timely way.
Understanding compliance
Personal, financial and other sensitive cloud data may be subject to strict compliance regulations. The laws vary depending on where (and with whom) you do business — for example, see the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Check your compliance requirements before choosing a cloud deployment.
Managing life cycles
Cloud-native environments make it easy to spin up new instances — and it’s also easy to forget about the old ones. Neglected instances can become cloud zombies — active but unmonitored. These abandoned instances can become outdated quickly, which means no new security patches. Life cycle management and governance policies can help.
Considering portability
Can you easily move your workloads to another cloud? Service-level agreements (SLA) should clearly define when and how the cloud provider returns the customer’s data or applications. Even if you don’t foresee moving things soon, it’s likely a future scenario. Prevent future lock-in concerns by considering portability now.
Continuous monitoring
Monitoring what’s going on in your workspaces can help you avoid — or at least inhibit the effect of — security breaches.
Choosing the right cloud provider
Hire and partner with qualified, trustworthy people who understand the complexities of cloud services and security. Sometimes, a public cloud’s infrastructure may be more secure than a particular organization’s private cloud, because the public cloud provider has a better informed and equipped security team.
ARE PUBLIC CLOUDS SECURE?
OK. Let’s talk about it. We could tell you all about the security differences between the three cloud deployments — public, privateand hybrid — but we know what you’re really wondering: "Are public clouds secure?" Well, it depends.
Public clouds — for example, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google — are appropriately secure for many types of workloads but aren’t right for everything, largely because they lack the isolation of private clouds. Public clouds support multitenancy, meaning you rent computing power (or storage space) from the cloud service provider's data center alongside other "tenants." Each tenant signs a service-level agreement (SLA) with the cloud provider that documents who’s responsible and liable for what. It’s a lot like leasing a physical space from a landlord. The landlord (cloud provider) promises to maintain the building (cloud infrastructure), hold the keys (access), and generally stay out of the tenant’s way (privacy). In return, the tenant promises not to do anything (e.g., run unsecured apps) that would corrupt the integrity of the building or bother other tenants. But you can’t choose your neighbors, and it’s possible to end up with a neighbor who lets in something harmful. While the cloud provider’s infrastructure security team is watching for unusual events, stealthy or aggressive threats — like malicious distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks — can still negatively affect other tenants.
Fortunately, there are some industry-accepted security standards, regulations and control frameworks like the Cloud Controls Matrix from the Cloud Security Alliance. You can also isolate yourself in a multitenant environment by deploying additional security tools (like encryption and DDoS mitigation techniques) that protect workloads from a compromised infrastructure. If that’s not enough, you can release cloud access security brokers to monitor activity and enforce security policies for low-risk enterprise functions. Though all this may not be sufficient for industries that operate under strict privacy, security and compliance regulations.
DevSecOps FOR CLOUD-NATIVE SECURITY
DevSecOps is the combination of DevOps practices and security strategies as a means for organizations to increase IT security and reduce risk to their software environments. Cloud-native technologies such as Kubernetes, containers, microservices and service meshes have become tremendously popular because they provide the building blocks necessary for organizations to build, deploy and run cloud applications more dynamically, reliably and at greater scale than was previously possible.
The changes introduced by cloud-native technologies require organizations to evolve their security toward a DevSecOps model. This means security and engineering teams must work together to develop strategies that successfully help their organizations build and run modern, scalable applications, with shift left practices that incorporate security earlier in the software development life cycle and workflows that implement security as code.
MITIGATE RISK WITH HYBRID CLOUD
Security decisions have much to do with risk tolerance and cost-benefit analysis. How could potential risks and benefits affect the overall health of your organization? What matters most? Not every workload demands the highest level of encryption and cybersecurity. Think about it like this: Locking your home keeps all your belongings relatively secure, but you might still lock your valuables in a safe. It’s good to have options.
That’s why more enterprises are turning to hybrid clouds, which give you the best of all the clouds. A hybrid cloud is a combination of two or more interconnected cloud environments — public or private.
Hybrid clouds let you choose where to place workloads and data based on compliance, audit, policy or security requirements — protecting particularly sensitive workloads on a private cloud, while operating less-sensitive workloads in the public cloud. There are some unique hybrid cloud security challenges (like data migration, increased complexity and a larger attack surface), but the presence of multiple environments can be one of the strongest defenses against security risks.
